The cultural, political and religious matrix which evolved from the ancient Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Persian, Arab and Ottoman civilisations, amongst others, helped to make the Arabs the dominant race amongst the population of modern-day Iraq, followed by the Kurds and the Turkmen. The present-day demographics of Iraq are...
The protests on October 1, 2019, brought the issue of constitutional amendments back to the light as a fundamental part of reforming the Iraqi political system, which reached a challenging stage for the unity of the country and the harmony of its people.
The constitution was written in extremely, complicated...
Over the past two weeks, the Kurdistan region has witnessed extremely tough times, a situation that is all too familiar to the Kurds of this country. The utter incompetence of the region’s officials, all of them from the top to the bottom; the endemic corruption; the incompetence; the discrimination;...
The fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the cold war marked a major turning point in the conduct of international law and international relations. After the sovereignty of an international order reversed the prevailing balance of power created by the Second World War and its controls...
The early elections are back to light again after Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Kadhimi's call to set a date to hold the elections. Al-Kadhimi had previously included among holding elections among his priorities in the brief ministerial curriculum. This is a response to the demand of the protests movement that...
With the spread of the coronavirus globally, many countries around the world face several challenges in the absence of any looming solutions so far. Economies are the most affected by this virus that led to restrict the movement and the freedom of travel between countries, limit the transport of...
After the defeat of ISIS and the rise of people's demands for better living conditions, the political forces are required now, more than ever, to present a clear and accurate reform program to restore people's trust in the political process and the democratic system before they face imminent danger.
The...
“Each side has its narrative, based on history, accumulated grievances and strong sense of entitlement. For now, neither is inclined to settle the conflict peacefully through serious, sustained negotiations, as each believes its fortunes are on the rise, and time is on its side.”
Introduction
The current debate over the...
By Ghazwan Rafiq and Hassan Kadhim
Without a doubt, corruption is a problem for all countries in different legal, economic, and social dimensions. However, it varies in size and extent from one country to another. Governments have worked on different measures, whether prevention or deterrence, to combat or limit corruption...
Governments and international organizations around the world are developing mechanisms to diagnose and identify corruption, with the aim of developing appropriate methods and programmes to combat or prevent corruption in the different sectors of the country. In line with these aims, Transparency International has developed a model to measure...