Haneen Amer Ayeid Al-Qarghouli: researcher in international economic relations
Financial transparency, which means the dissemination of information and data and ensuring their flow to combat corruption, has become an international requirement: to achieve political and economic stability, by knowing how citizens can manage public funds by those in possession of...
Ali Najat
Relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Iraq are intertwined in their security, political and regional dimensions, while economic and trade relations are among the areas that bring the two neighboring countries together. Iraq became Iran’s most important trading partner after the overthrow of Saddam Hussein by...
Dr. Wejdan Faleh Hassan
executive summary:
It is not possible to continue implementing the instructions of the federal budget for the year 2021 during the fiscal year 2022 from a legal point of view; Because the budget law is valid for one year only.
It is not possible to approve the budget,...
Omar Sameer
The railway link between Turkey and Iraq was one of the ambitious projects since the era of Sultan Abdülhamid II, whose reign was the last reform attempt of the Ottoman state, including his inauguration of the Baghdad railway in financial cooperation with Germany, which continued slowly; Due to...
Hassan Hadi Al-Assadi
Eighteen years have passed since 2003 on Iraq, which was characterized by administrative and financial corruption, a decline in services at all levels, a near-complete collapse of its infrastructure, bloodsheds, and the lives that were lost under the pretext of nationalism, religious and sectarian acts, and the...
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is one of the three organizations of the United Nations specialized in the economic and trade fields, which is considered to be one of the major players on the global scene, as it replaced the GATT for tariffs, and began its work effectively in...
Dr. Riam Ali Hussein
Uncertainty plays a major role in the instability of oil prices, especially when crises occur in the oil supply areas. Which increases the imbalance conditions between supply and demand for oil. With the emergence of ISIS and its occupation of parts of Iraq, and the loss...
The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is an index that ranks countries “by their perceived levels of public sector corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys”. The index is published annually by the non-governmental organization Transparency International since 1995. Corruption Perceptions Index 2020 – published in January 2021,...
Emad Al-Sheikh Dawood - Hashem Emad Abdel-Karim
During the pre-World War I era, trains transported goods from Cairo to Jerusalem and from Damascus to Medina to transport pilgrims between Constantinople (the former capital of the Ottoman Empire) and Hejaz in the Arabian Peninsula, and shorten the travel time for military...
Salam Jabbar Shehab
Economic diversification entails measures to reduce dependence on a single source of income (currently), which is through these new revenue channels, as well as creating new channels; To generate other economic outputs, so the basic idea behind economic diversification is to develop or create a type of...
