Throughout history, financial crises have been met with innovative reform plans that help develop the resilience of a country’s economic system, except when it comes to Iraq. All major oil producing countries have developed sovereign wealth funds to help...
The multiple aspects of economic shocks lead to the process of draining the economic resources available to countries, particularly those with Rent Economy, which are the most politically, economically, and socially vulnerable economies, sometimes generating large fiscal deficits or...
Those who do not understand or cannot understand history; will not understand the present, and those who deny the facts of history; are in denial of reality; Even if they don't say so. Ibn Khaldun says: “History on its...
The fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the cold war marked a major turning point in the conduct of international law and international relations. After the sovereignty of an international order reversed the prevailing balance of...
Epidemics since old - plague, smallpox, malaria, cholera, Spanish influenza, have affected civilizations; Many of them have had major repercussions on societies, beginning with a large number of deaths they have left, to make human beings think more deeply...
Iraq has taken unprecedented measures against the backdrop of the outbreak of COVID-19, aimed at reducing the movement of people and preventing the rapid spread of the epidemic: Quarantine operated by more than 90 countries, closure of schools and...
Diplomacy is defined as the art of reaching international goals and interests by peaceful means. This definition refers to the axioms of the logical thought of the term, but to reach a full understanding of what is called diplomacy,...
The causes of war have been numerous since the age of history, and human beings have invented lethal weapons with multiple and changing methods and tactics of combat, which have evolved with the evolution of mankind's civilization, from the...
Iraq has faced a severe electricity crisis since 2003 and is expected to increase in the long term. Efforts to date have focused on the supply side, neglecting the equally important aspect of improving energy efficiency on the demand...
Iraq has been facing a severe power crisis since 2003 and is projected to surge in the long run. Efforts so far had been focusing on the supply side, while neglecting an equally important aspect of improving the energy...
