Ali Najat
Relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Iraq are intertwined in their security, political and regional dimensions, while economic and trade relations are among the areas that bring the two neighboring countries together. Iraq became Iran’s most important trading partner after the overthrow of Saddam Hussein by...
Dr. Wejdan Faleh Hassan
executive summary:
It is not possible to continue implementing the instructions of the federal budget for the year 2021 during the fiscal year 2022 from a legal point of view; Because the budget law is valid for one year only.
It is not possible to approve the budget,...
Haider Adham
The Iraqi and Arab media circulated statements issued by Iraqi official entities, the Ministry of Water Resources, in which they expressed their intention to internationalize the “joint international watercourses file” for Iraq with the countries of the upper course after the latter cut off water supplies that flow...
Omar Sameer
The railway link between Turkey and Iraq was one of the ambitious projects since the era of Sultan Abdülhamid II, whose reign was the last reform attempt of the Ottoman state, including his inauguration of the Baghdad railway in financial cooperation with Germany, which continued slowly; Due to...
Hassan Hadi Al-Assadi
Eighteen years have passed since 2003 on Iraq, which was characterized by administrative and financial corruption, a decline in services at all levels, a near-complete collapse of its infrastructure, bloodsheds, and the lives that were lost under the pretext of nationalism, religious and sectarian acts, and the...
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is one of the three organizations of the United Nations specialized in the economic and trade fields, which is considered to be one of the major players on the global scene, as it replaced the GATT for tariffs, and began its work effectively in...
Dr. Riam Ali Hussein
Uncertainty plays a major role in the instability of oil prices, especially when crises occur in the oil supply areas. Which increases the imbalance conditions between supply and demand for oil. With the emergence of ISIS and its occupation of parts of Iraq, and the loss...
Haider Abdel-Murshed
It is not news to talk about what Iraq is suffering from a crisis in providing job opportunities, in light of a market that is entered annually by about 600,000 people in Iraq, with the stagnation of the private sector, and the sinking of the Iraqi state in...
Ali Najat
The painful experiences of wars and conflicts during the past decade prompted the actors in the Middle East to reduce tensions and neutralize crises as much as possible, and to find a formula for dialogue. After a decade of the Arab Spring, the impulse of the uprisings gradually...
Emad Al-Sheikh Dawood - Hashem Emad Abdel-Karim
During the pre-World War I era, trains transported goods from Cairo to Jerusalem and from Damascus to Medina to transport pilgrims between Constantinople (the former capital of the Ottoman Empire) and Hejaz in the Arabian Peninsula, and shorten the travel time for military...