The peaceful circulation of power is the most prominent standard of the democratic system and its achievements. The stability of the political system is measured by how smooth is the mechanisms of elections. Such smoothness is complicated in transition, particularly in States emerging from dictatorship; Because of the persistence of the trend towards a monopoly of power, or because of the social fragmentation caused either by mistrust between societies or by components following a phase of the conflict, or by the collapse of the State if the regime is totalitarian and not just dictatorial. These transitional States usually fall into the trap of the overdose of democracy as a response to the repression of political freedoms and/or miscalculation by the international community, which, through bureaucrats, demands ideal democratic standards without taking into account national and local specificities and specifically in transitions that are highly dependent on historical backgrounds.
The political system in Iraq 2003 could be studied as a good example of a range of such problems. Iraq suffered one of the harshest totalitarian regimes, spanning some 35 years, as well as discrimination and ethnic and sectarian oppression, practiced, and the inevitable result was the collapse of the State by it, as national identity melted down and was unable to completely reformulate it; Owing to a crisis of mistrust among its members, which is sensitive to the restoration of its ethnic and sectarian rights, it has led to violence amounting to two civil wars in less than 15 years amid an international conflict that has first failed the new democratic order, which poses a direct threat to the regimes of all neighboring States, and second to the perpetuation of the State’s weakness and the continuation of its transition phase to generate an enormous amount of geopolitical, economic, human and material resources.
